Op-ed articles

I occasionally write a guest column for the Scotsman, one of Scotland’s leading broadsheet newspapers, covering events in Ukraine, and Central & Eastern Europe.

https://www.scotsman.com/author/andrew-sweeney

Russia is Collapsing; It Must Collapse Hard


Russian nationalists are calling for Vladimir Putin to launch an attack on Nato member Estonia


Russia is beginning its inevitable collapse, as it has always done: in 1830, 1905, 1917, and 1989. But that also makes it more dangerous; a cornered rat is most vicious, and if the collapse is drawn out, Moscow could lash out and drag us down with it.

Ukraine has regained the initiative over the battlefield and, in some areas, it has taken a small amount of ground. According to Meduza, a Russian-language investigative news website, Russian fatalities since the full-scale invasion in 2022 reached 352,000 last year; it’s likely that the figure could hit 400,000 this month. 

A million Russians have become casualties, dead or wounded. Even in a country with a large population, more than a million casualties without gaining ground is unsustainable.

North Korean troops on Red Square

The Kerch Bridge to Crimea – the Kremlin’s first Ukrainian conquest in 2014 – remains unreliable, and continued Russian control over the area is increasingly at risk. And the 'land bridge' that Russia seized in 2022, running from the peninsula to the occupied city of Mariupol, is now under fire control by Ukraine’s long-range drones.

Morale amongst the Russians is abysmal; and their nationalist bloggers are screeching. One, Evgeny Golman, said: “The front is shocked, everything is screwed”; another, Yegor Guzenko, criticised Vladimir Putin’s conduct of the war and reportedly ended up in a ‘meat’ assault unit with a broken leg.

Victory Day, held annually on May 9, is supposed to represent Russia’s ‘glory’ to the world, but as we saw this year, it had nothing to show. No armour, no power, but plenty of North Korean troops on Red Square. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy even mockingly issued a decree permitting the parade.

Russia is collapsing and there are increasingly credible reports that Putin’s position is vulnerable. There will be no sudden soul-searching, no mass realisation about the immorality of the invasion; instead, the rats will flee or fight each other to survive as the war economy crumbles.

But that does not mean Russia is not dangerous, and there is no indication that Putin has the self-awareness to realise his position. His demands remain unchanged: full control of the Donbas region with all sanctions against his regime lifted and no Nato membership for Ukraine.

Trump’s disdain for Nato a factor

Listen to the Kremlin and its propagandists, and you’ll realise there is no possibility of negotiation or compromise. Russia’s leadership is still convinced that it can divide the West and maintain its maximalist demands.

And with good reason. US President Donald Trump’s actions over Greenland and Iran have caused Nato to fracture; there is no trust between Washington and its erstwhile allies in Europe. Trump has made it clear that he doesn’t value the North Atlantic alliance.

With casualties mounting in Ukraine, a looming economic catastrophe at home, and a huge loss of influence abroad, Russia may decide to test Nato to regain the strategic initiative. This test would likely occur in Narva. 

A small, bleak city in eastern Estonia, Narva is plagued by unemployment and post-industrial decline. It is also mostly inhabited by ethnic Russians, and Russian nationalists are already demanding that Moscow intervenes to “return the city to the motherland”.

The exact same messaging played out in 2014 when Russia moved to seize the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine. The same flags, rallying cries, and historical distortions.

If Estonia is attacked, this would trigger Article 5 of the Nato treaty, the commitment to collective defence. However, that does not mean nukes would be launched at Russia; a response could take weeks, even months, to occur. 

The Kremlin will bet that Trump will not support Europe, that some Nato countries will prevaricate, and others will be too internally divided to mount an effective response. And thus, the Nato alliance could collapse.

UK military not ready for war

It is a calculated risk with high stakes, but there is a logic to it. Trump’s fury over Europe’s refusal to participate in the war against Iran makes it unlikely that American support would be forthcoming should Russia test Nato.

The Kremlin is probably right that some Nato members would drag their feet. The Czech Republic and Slovakia both have governments that would likely avoid conflict, as could some smaller members like Montenegro and North Macedonia.

The countries with leaders who would be most willing to stand up to Russian aggression – particularly the UK, Germany, and France – may not be able to offer a response either. Their militaries are chronically underfunded and undertrained, and joint exercises with Ukrainian troops utilising drones have repeatedly made it clear that European soldiers are not ready for drone warfare.

Then there’s the disenchantment present in the working classes of Western nations, the traditional recruiting pool of the Armed Forces. Military service is no longer a viable career, it’s poorly paid with no social prestige. Surveys have also repeatedly suggested that many people, in some cases a majority, in Western European countries would not be willing to fight for their country even if invaded.

Can we blame them? Exponentially rising housing costs, cultural disconnect, a sense of no longer belonging in their own countries, of being ignored by the political elite; these are all valid concerns, and all are exploited by Russian disinformation now – and would be again, should a war begin.

Russia is collapsing, and it will, but that collapse must be as harsh, total, and rapid as possible to ensure the Kremlin does have time to pivot to a challenge against Nato. Otherwise, we could be dragged into war that we are woefully unprepared for.

Why Ukrainians, hardened by war, will take the fight to Russia if Donald Trump betrays them

Donald Trump’s peace plan is not like the infamous 1938 Munich Agreement with Hitler, it’s far worse and ordinary Ukrainians are angry.

Dreich. A word meaning (especially of weather) dreary, bleak. A word often overused by Scottish writers when trying to describe something depressive. It’s something I’ve always disliked, the lazy insertion of Scottishisms aimed at cultural authenticity.

Yet there’s no other word but dreich for Kyiv right now. Fog, icy rain, death from above courtesy of Moscow, and the pervasive sense of abandonment throughout the half-empty city.

It’s not just the thousands who’ve left the city, the empty flats and bombed-out apartment blocks; Ukraine’s capital is well aware that it has been abandoned by the West. If only the Ukrainians could stop being so inconvenient and lay down before the ravenous bear; after all, then we could stop hearing about that terrible war.

Russian economy starting to collapse

US President Donald Trump’s plan will not create peace, it will merely set the stage for the next stage of the war by buying Russia time. Even if some of its key points are altered, it remains a Moscow wish list, taken almost verbatim from Kremlin press releases.

Handing over territory controlled by Ukraine to Russia would condemn its inhabitants to terror. It would also hand over fortifications that would take months or years to overcome while the Russian economy runs white-hot from stress.

You have to understand that Russia’s economy is beginning to collapse, it cannot continue to maintain its current course in Ukraine. It’s had to start selling its gold reserves, it’s not able to make bonus payments to new army recruits, and resource wars are breaking out amongst senior officials, reminiscent of the chaos of the 1990s.

Russia is getting weaker by the day at home and can only inch forwards on the battlefield. It could be broken; stronger sanctions on its oil industry and utilising its assets held by European countries could tip the balance.

West still giving billions to Russia

Instead we get limited sanctions with exemptions for countries like Hungary and pussyfooting over those Russian assets, while many EU countries continue to buy Russian oil and other products. Last week, Sweden’s foreign minister Maria Malmer Stenergard revealed Europe has spent $142 billion more on Russian energy and oil than on supporting Ukraine.

Trump’s peace plan is often compared to the 1938 Munich Agreement but it’s far worse. The aggressor is already involved in a war of genocidal conquest; the Americans are going out of their way to reward Russia; the Europeans continue ostrich-necking.

Small wonder the mood in Kyiv is so dreich. The West is ready to divest itself of troublesome Ukraine, and the country’s leadership is embroiled in another corruption scandal, involving energy supply of all things, in a country of daily blackouts.

Casual observers often make the mistake of assuming that President Volodomyr Zelensky has an unparalleled hold on popular support, that his superstar reputation in the West translates domestically. He does not and, while the furore over the ‘peace plan’ has taken the heat off him, corruption in his government remains a problem.

New leaders to emerge?

I asked a friend of mine, someone who’d lost loved ones in the war what should happen to the ministers involved. Lampposts and ropes was the answer, one shared with many.

The anger in Ukraine is palpable. What do you say to someone who fought in the war, grieves for dead relatives and devoted his entire business to military production, only for his cause to be brought down by corrupt politicians and Western spinelessness? There are thousands like that in Ukraine, hardened by the war.

If this betrayal is forced on Ukraine that constituency will not be silent and leaders will emerge to lead it. Halting American military supplies would be devastating but it would also mean that Washington loses control of what and whom Ukraine targets, and what more would there be to lose?

If Washington stops the supplies, it loses its ability to restrain Ukraine from striking deep within Russia. This isn’t due just to Trump’s administration, Joe Biden was reportedly furious about the famous sinking of the Moskva in 2022 as it represented an “escalation”.

The nuclear option

With nothing left to lose, why wouldn’t Ukraine aim to decapitate Russia’s leadership, strike Moscow with domestic-made rockets, or target Russian state organs abroad? It already has the capacity to make nuclear weapons; if it is abandoned, it may have little choice but to produce them.

This is mild, compared with what those hardened by the war tell me. They are angry, want revenge for Russian atrocities, and are furious about what they see as a looming betrayal. I can’t blame them.

Kyiv has been a home for me in one way or another since 2014. I was there during the Maidan revolution, when the Russian invasion truly began with the occupation of Crimea. 

What people reading this may not understand is that it was never about maintaining the Ukrainian state but rather its society, one that is so vibrant, so engaged with a sense of purpose that it puts our moribund community to shame.

To our shame

Ukraine will endure even if it’s completely abandoned by the West, as it has done for centuries through other periods of Russian oppression. It is to our shame we have learned nothing from history, and we’re ready to abandon another Eastern European country to another imperialist aggressor as we did in 1938.

The other night I walked down Khreshchatyk Street in Kyiv, its main boulevard lined with Stalinist-era buildings. A street usually teeming with life was empty, my only company the vacant expression of the occasional drunk clutching plastic bottles of beer.

My path took me towards Maidan Square to a memorial where thousands of flags, Ukrainian and others are laid out, each remembering someone who’d fallen in the war. Cold, mist hiding the tops of the buildings, the flags swayed silently in the dark.

Dreich. For once used correctly.

I've Experienced Nightly Attacks by Iranian Drones; The Despotic Regime Deserves No Sympathy

Iran’s cancerous regime sends drones to Russia that are used to attack Ukrainian civilians and interferes in the Scottish independence debate.


They say never to judge someone until you’ve walked a mile in their shoes. You might also want to hold off on judgment from what I’m about to say until you’ve lived under bombing yourself: Israel and the United States were right to bomb Iran, it’s only a shame they didn’t achieve more substantial results.

I’m saying this as someone who’s endured night after night of attacks by Iranian Shahed drones in Ukraine. Before the pearl-clutching becomes too constricting, let me reassure you that this is no revenge fantasy, or an expression of hatred for the Iranian people. They have languished under the regime of the mullahs for too long. 

The regime itself, however, is as cartoonishly evil as it gets and deserves no legitimacy, or sympathy. Its malign influence extends far from Tehran to Kyiv and even Edinburgh.

Iran has supplied Shahed type 131 and 136 drones to Russia since the autumn of 2022 with the full knowledge that these weapons would be used to target civilians. They have limited battlefield use and are weapons of pure terror, much like the German V1 and V2 rockets during the Second World War.

Dreading the late-night lawnmower

Regimes like Iran’s and Russia’s should be fought, and any action towards their overthrowing should be welcomed, even if it comes from quarters unpalatable to the Scottish body politic, like Israel. Justification for the regime’s overthrow for its actions against its own people and in the countries of the Middle East abound; its actions in Ukraine are reason enough too.

Since 2022, Moscow has launched 28,743 Shahed-type drones against Ukraine — with 2,736, or roughly 9.5 per cent, fired in June this year alone. Though many are now manufactured in Russia under the name Geran 1/Geran 2, Iranian design, manufacturing and maintenance expertise remain vitally important to their operation.

Imagine lying in your bed late at night, you’ve heard the air-raid siren go off but you’re shattered, sleep-deprived from previous air raids or hot nights without electricity. You drift back to sleep, until the loud cracks of anti-aircraft fire wake you up again.

Then you hear the growl, a buzzing noise overhead that sounds like a lawnmower on its last legs. That’s the Shahed, and if you can hear it, it’s very close, maybe even over your apartment building. As awful the sound is, in that moment you pray you continue to hear it, because if it suddenly cuts out that growl might have been the last thing you ever hear as it drops on top of you.

That is the reality of living under Shahed drone attacks, a reality that most Ukrainians have had to face for three years now. Thousands have lost their homes, their loved ones and their lives as a result of this terror bombing.

Airstrikes or any other form of military campaign that halt Iran’s support for Russia, even incrementally or momentarily, or result in the regime’s eventual downfall, should be welcomed. 

Iran’s interference in Scottish politics

Don’t feel any sympathy for its wretched government; you are an enemy or a target for manipulation as much as any Ukrainian. The fact that a number of pro-independence X accounts mysteriously went dark after an Israeli airstrike on June 13, which caused an internet blackout that affected 95 per cent of national connectivity, should not come as a surprise.

Iran sees us as a target whether we’re nationalists or unionists, their aim is to merely stoke division. With that being said, and while I wouldn’t be surprised if some fringe pro-UK accounts are also run by the regime’s security forces, Iranian interference in Scottish constitutional matters would be welcomed by some on the pro-independence lunatic left, the types for whom Scottish identity is merely a means to an end, an extension of class warfare.

Believers in mere ‘whataboutism’, where any cause, any regime and any atrocity can be justified so long as it is ostensibly opposed to American imperialism or the dreaded ‘Zionists’, this leftist fringe is no stranger to supporting Iran. 

One of its darlings, former British diplomat and Israel-obsessed grievance-grifter Craig Murray, is well known to the regime’s state media. This is the same Murray who has backed Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, claimed the Ukrainian state tolerates a “current strain of Nazism in Ukrainian nationalism”, and regurgitated the baseless lie that Russian language speakers in the country’s east were being subjected to genocide. 

Such views are a calumny, demonstrably false and ridiculous as anyone who has actually been to Ukraine can attest. Murray also believes that despotic regimes like Iran are entitled to defend themselves, while countries like Ukraine are apparently not. 

Such views are those of a fringe, granted, and are demonstrably false and usually motivated by either ill-placed grievance or attention-seeking behaviour, but nonetheless, they are there.

They represent the very worst of Scottish politics, a hateful cancer on the independence movement that distorts truth to suit their own aims. That Iran facilitates the terror bombing of one country, Ukraine, while supporting malcontents in ours who condemn the victims of that terror as Nazis, highlights the unscrupulousness of both.

Do not give Iran, nor its stooges, any of your sympathy, wherever they may be. The country’s leaders are happy to weaponise social media manipulation and bad-faith actors in our body politic, and any time they receive a bloody nose should be welcomed.

Wait until you’ve lived under a Shahed’s growl before you think otherwise.